Burner for gaseous and powderous solid fuel



Nov. 1, 1957.

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 28. 1925 Nov.'1, 1927.

W. VEDDER BURNER FOR GASEOUS AND POWDEROUS SOLID FUEL Filed 001;. 28,1925 2 eets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 1, 1927.

UNITED'STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILHELM VEDDER, OF ESSEN-ON-THE-RUHR, GERMANY.

BURNER FOR GASEOUS AND POWDEROUS SOLID FUEL.

Application filed October 28, 1925, Serial No. 85,490, and in GermanyOctober 24, 1924.

My invention relates to improvements in burners for powderous solidfuel, and the object of the improvements is to provide a burner by meansof which low grade solid fuel may be economically burnt. With thisobject in view my invention consists in providing a burner having asupply of a combustible gas or gases in addition to the supply ofpowderous solid fuel. I have found that when thus burning gaseous fueltogether with solid fuel the solid fuel is completely burnt and producesa short flame thus gnsuring economy in the combustion of the uel.

I For the purpose of explaining the invention two examples embodying thesame have been shown in the accompanying drawings, in which the samereference characters have been used in all the views to indicatecorresponding parts. In said drawings,

Fig. 1, is a sectional elevation showing the burner the section beingtaken along the line 11 of Figure 2,

Fig. 2, is a sectional View taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1, p

Fig. 3, is 'a development in section of the gas and air passages of theburner, the said section being taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 4, is a sectional elevation showing a modification of the burner,the section being taken in the same manner as Figure l, and

along the line 4-4 of Figure 5, and

Fig. 5, is a detail sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4 andshowing the arrangement of the tangential passages for supplyingcompressed air to the passage for supplying solid fuel to the burner.

Figure 6 is a horizontal cross-section taken along the line 66 of Figure1, and showing the helical arrangement of the passages.

The burner shown in the drawings is particularly adapted for burninsolid fuel, such as powderous coal containmg little gas, partly cokedcoal, the combustible deposit from flues of locomotives and other fireplaces, and the like. But I wish it to be understood that the burner mayalso be used for burning poor or rich gas without supplying solid fuelthereto.

In the example shown in Figs. 1 to 3, and 6, m improved burnerconsistsof a hollow member composed of a comparatively short cylindrical ortiona a tapering portion a, and a cylin rical portion a. At its top the saidmember is closed by a head In, and below the said head it is providedwith a transverse partition 6, the head is and the partition e includingan annual chamber it. Further, the hollowmember is provided with anaxial passage 6 having an outwardly flaring delivery end 6 The .deliveryend of the passage Z) is partly closed by a cone 6 connected with theportion 6 by spiral or helical ribs 0. The passage 6 is used for thesupply of the solid powderous fuel, and the said fuel is delivered fromthe passage towards the wall a of the hollow member and into thecombustion chamber F thereof. By providin the spiral or helical ribs thefuel delivere from the passage 6 is whirled around thus insuringcomplete mixture of the solid fuel, the gaseous fuel and the air for suporting combustion delivered into the com ustion chamber in the mannernow to be described.

The annular chamber 11. is made integral with a tubular inlet g, and thetop part of the tapering portion a of the hollow memher is provided withan annular chamber d having a tubular inlet, 03. The annular chamberincluded between the wall a of the hollow member is 'provided withhelical ribs r W, W, 7 extending from the pipe I) to the Wall a anddividin the said annular chamher into three sets of helical passages p79 12 The ribs 1'", 'r" are extended upwardly and through the annularchamber h, and the passages p included'between the said ribs are open tothe outer air, and they are ada ted to be closed more or less by means 0an annular slide m provided on the head is. Thus atmospheric air can betaken in through the passages 12*, the supply being controlled by thevalve m. In some cases the'passages p, are entirely closed, as will bedescribed hereinafter. As is shown in Fig. 2 the parts of the helicalribs 1', r passing through the chamber it do not extend to the wall a ofthe hollow, member, but to points a suitable distance away therefrom,and the said ends are connected by arcuate walls 7* thus providingarcuate passages it through which the parts of the annular chamber hcommunicate with the inlet passage g. i

The passages 17 provided between the ribs 1' and r open lnto the annularchamber It, so that the said passages communicate with the tubular inlet9. The passages p are closed at" their top ends as against the chamberh, and they communicate through orts made in the wall a with the annular0 amd and the inlet d. v

As is best shown in Fig. 3, the passages p are narrow as compared to thepassages p and p If it is desired to burn low grade solid fuel and lowgrade gaseous fuel by means of the burner, the powderous solid fuel issupplied by means of compressed air through the axial passage 6, the lowgrade gas is supplied through the inlet d, the annular chamber ti theports q and the passages 12?, compressed air is supplied through theinlet 9, the chamber h and the passages p and the passages p are closedby means of the slide m. The gas delivered into the combustion chamber Fis burnt and develops a heat sufficient to burn the low grade solid fueldelivered from the axial passage 6, a rapid and complete combustionbeing insured by the whirling movement of the solid fuel, the gaseousfuel and the air for supporting combustion. Thus the fuel burns with avery short flame.

For burning coal dust or the like by means of a high grade gas, I'supplythe high grade gas through the inlet g, the annular chamber hand thenarrow passages 17 The air is admitted under pressure through the inlet(1 and the passages 37 while the solid fuel is supplied through the pipe6. In case of a high grade gaseous fuel I may admit air underatmospheric pressure through the passages p in which case the inlet dand the passages p communicating therewith are not used.

For operating the burner exclusively by means of gaseous fuel, the pipeI) is closed, and the gas is supplied through the inlet d and thepassages 79 In case of a low grade gas compressed air is suppliedthrough the inlet 9, the chamber h and the passages But for burning ahigh grade gas I open t e passages p thus admitting air underatmospheric pressure to the burner, the said air being taken in bysuction produced by the gas delivered from the passages 12.

The general construction of the modification shown in Figs. 4 and 5 issimilar to the one described above, and similar letters of referencehave been used to indicate corresponding parts, so that it is notnecessary to repeat the general description of the burner. I i

The hollow member including the annular chamber 72. and the combustionchamber F is made in two sections, one section comprising thecylindrical wall a. and the top part of the tapering wall indicated inFig. 4 by the letter a, and the other part comprising a jacketedtapering member A having an outwardly flaring delivery end A Thetapering member A is adapted to be cooled by circulating cooling waterthrough the annular chamber included between the inner tapering wall Aand the jacket thereof the water inlet and outlet pipes not shown. I

have foundthat by thus cooling the member A providing the wall of thecombustion chamber the wear of the said member by the heat of the flameis reduced, and further, by cooling the combustible mixture ignition ofthe gas flowing through the helical passages is avoided' Near its bottomend the conical portion a is made integral with a rounded annular flangea by means of which it is supported on a base frame D, bolts a beingprovided for holding the flange a in position on the frame I). The frameI) is providedwitha flange a which is directed downwardly andcurved'inwardly, the flanges a and a providing an annular rounded seatfor'the top part of the member A. At its top the said member A is bulgedoutwardly so as to provide a rounded head A adapted for bear ing on theinner rounded face of the flanges a anda. By thus jointing the bottompart A to the top part a at I am enabled to direct the bottom part A inlateral direction, which is desirable for example when using the biirnerfor internally heating rotary furnaces and for directing the flame todifferent parts of the said furnace. For setting the member A in thedesired position the following mechanism is provided: A" screwthreadedrod B is jointed by means of a spherical joint 13 to an eyeiB castintegral with the top part of the member A, so that the said rod can berocked and rotated relatively to the said eye. The screw-threaded partof the said rod is passed through a nut C formed with laterallyprojecting trunnions C mounted in a bearing C cast integral with theframe D. The rod B car: ries a hand wheel B By turning the rod B bymeans-of the said handwheel the main-.-

her A can be rocked from the position shown in Fig. 4 in full lines forexample into the position shown in broken lines. In Fig.4 1 have shownonly one mechanism for rocking the member A, so that the member A can berockedonly in one direction. But I wish it to be understood that I donot limit myself to this construction, and that I provide two settingmechanisms,- if it is desired to impart universal rocking movement tothe member A.

In the construction shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the helical ribs 0 and thecone b shown in Fig. 1 are omitted, and whirling movement is imparted tothe powderous fuel by means of jets of compressed air thrown into thepipe I) in tangential direction through tangential passages t, as isbest shown in Fig. 5. These passages are also inclined so as to directthe jets toward the delivery end of the pipe I), as shown in Figure 4.By thus whirling .the powderous fuel around within i is thoroughlyadmixed with the gas and air.

While in describing the invention reference has been made to twoparticular ex amples embodying the same I wish it to be understood thatmy invention is not limited to the constructions shown in the drawings,and that various changes may be made in the general arrangement of theapparatus and the construction of its parts without departing from theinvention.

I claim:

1. A burner, comprising an outer casing, a central tubular passage, andthree sets of passages therebetween, the passages of said sets beingmutually interposed and located radially osaidtube','the passages of twosets communicating respectively with inlets for gas and air, and thepassages of the third'set communicating with the outer air.

2. A burner, comprising an outer casing, a central tubular passage, andthree sets of helical passages therebetween, the passages of said setsbeing mutually interposed and located radially of said tube, thepassages of two sets communicatingrespectively with inlets for gas andair, and the passages of the third set communicating with the outer air.

3. A burner, comprising an outer casing,

' a central tubular passage, an annular chamber therebetween at one endand three sets of passages therebetween adjoining said chamber, thepassages of said sets beingmutually interposed and arranged radially ofsaid tube, one set communicating with said chamber, the second setcommunicating with a gas inlet, and the third set extending through saidchamber and communicating wit-h the outer air.

4"." A burner, comprising an outer casing, a central tubular passage, anannular chamber therebetween at one end and three sets of helicalpassages therebetween adjoin ng said chamber, the passages of said setsbeing mutually interposed and arranged radially of said tube, one setcommunicating with said chamber, the second set communicating with a gasinlet, and the third set extending through said chamber andcommunicating with the outer air.

5. A burner, comprising an outer casing, a central tubular passage, anannular chamber therebetween at one end and three sets of passagestherebetween adjoining said chamber, the passages of said sets beingmutually interposed and arranged radially of said tube, one setcommunicating with said chamber, the second set communicating with a gasinlet, and the third set extending through said chamber andcommunicating with the outer air, said chamber also having communicationwith said central tubular passage through tangential nozzles inclinedtoward the delivery end of the burner.

6. A burner,comprising a hollow member having an axial passage for thedelivery oi sages, an annular cham solid fuel, the delivery end of saidpassage having an outwardly flaring wall, means to conduct air underpressure into said passage in a direction tangential of the passage andtowards the delivery end thereof, and helical passages around said axialpassage for the delivery of gaseous fuel and air for supportingcombustion.

7. A burner comprising an outer casing and an axial passage therein forthe delivery of solid fuel, the delivery end of said passage having anoutwardly flaring wall, means to conduct air under pressureinto saidpassage in a direction tangential of the passage and toward the deliveryend thereof, and helical passages around said axial passage formed byradial division of the space inside said outer casing, each thirdpassage being in communication with said air conductmg means, eachpassage adjacent thereto on one side supplying gaseous fuel, and eachpassage therebetween being in communication with the outside air.

8. A device for burning powderous solid fuel, comprising in combination,a hollow casing, an axial tube therein and a plurality of radial vanesextending outward from'said axial tube, orming three sets of passages,an annular chamber within said casing at one end having a compressed airinlet and being in communication with one set of passages, pairs of saidvanes extending through said chamber and forming passages incommunication with the outside air, a second annular chamber adjacentsaid first chamber and having a gas inlet and being in communicationwith the third set of passages.

9. A device for burning powderous solid fuel, comprising in combination,a hollow casing, an axial tube therein and a plurality of radlal' vanesextending outward from said axial tube, forming three sets of pas- 1ngat one end having a compressed air inlet, and being in communicationwith one set of passages, pairs of said vanes extending through saidchamber and forming passages in communication with the outside air, asecond annular chamber adjacent'said first chamber and havin a gas inletand being in communication with the third set of passages, said axialtube being formed with inclined tangential nozzles communicating withsaid first chamber whereby 'ets of air act onthe powderous fuel in saidtube to give it a whirling motion.

10. A device for burnlng powderous solid fuel, comprising incombination, a hollow casing, an axial tube therein and a plurality ofradlal vanes extending outward from sa1d axial tube, forming three setsof passages, an annular chamber within said casing at one end having acompressed air inlet. and being in communication with one set ofpassages: p rs Of said vanes extending through er within said casincombination, a substantially fusto-coni cal casing, an axial tube withinsaid casing for supplying the powderous solid fuel, a transverse Wallforming an annular chamber surrounding said fuel passage and having annlet for receiving compressed air, a plurality of radial helical vanesextending out- Ward from said axial tube and through said 4 Wall,forming three sets of passages one set in communication with the outsideair, one set in communication with the annular chamber, and a third set;a cylindrical well outside said casing forming therewith a chamberhaving an inlet for receiving combustible gas, said chamber being incommunication with said third set of passages.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature.

WILl-IELM VEDDER.

